Doctors begin by asking about symptoms like numbness, tingling, burning pain, or weakness. A physical exam helps identify which nerves may be affected. Reflexes and muscle strength are often tested.

Imaging such as MRI may be ordered to look for disc herniation or nerve compression. These scans show soft tissues more clearly than X-rays. Imaging helps identify the cause of nerve symptoms.

If symptoms persist, tests like EMG or nerve conduction studies may be used. These measure how well nerves send signals. They help confirm the severity and location of nerve damage.